Constellation Object: Difference between revisions
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; Symbol Map | ; Symbol Map | ||
: (Available when using Variable Constellation) Manually specify the symbol map | : (Available when using Variable Constellation) Manually specify the symbol map (in pre-diff values) in list form. For manually defined symbols in QPSK, symbols start in quadrant 1 and proceeding counterclockwise (standardvalues are sometimes in different order). 8PSK symbols start at (0.92,0.38) and proceed in the nonsensical order of Pi/8 times: 1, 7, 15, 9, 3, 5, 13, 11. So symbols [0,1,2,3,4,5,6,7] become 0, 4, 5, 1, 3, 7, 6, 2, counterclockwise from (0.92,0.38). | ||
; Constellation Points | ; Constellation Points | ||
| Line 27: | Line 27: | ||
; Rotational Symmetry | ; Rotational Symmetry | ||
: (Available when using Variable Constellation) The number of rotations per 360 degrees that the constellation is symmetric, which is 4 for the common constellations. | : (Available when using Variable Constellation) The number of rotations per 360 degrees that the constellation is symmetric, which is 4 for the common constellations. This doesn't affect the encoding / decoding, but allows unit tests and potentially other blocks to know if decodes will work for rotated constellations. | ||
; Dimensionality | ; Dimensionality | ||
: (Available when using Variable Constellation) The number of dimensions, typically set to 1. | : (Available when using Variable Constellation) The number of dimensions, typically set to 1. Dimensionality is the number of imput samples per symbol, all of which should be close to the constellation point. I.e. if greater than 1 these should **not** be samples for a smooth transition between constellation points, but will de facto be treated as an averaged for symbol selection. | ||
; Normalization Type | |||
: Optionally normalize the average amplitude or power of the constellation points around 1. | |||
== Example Flowgraph == | == Example Flowgraph == | ||
| Line 37: | Line 40: | ||
[[File:constellation_soft_decoder_ex.png|800px]] | [[File:constellation_soft_decoder_ex.png|800px]] | ||
== Source Files == | |||
; C++ files | |||
: [https://github.com/gnuradio/gnuradio/blob/main/gr-digital/lib/constellation.cc see middle of this page] | |||
; Public header files | |||
: [https://github.com/gnuradio/gnuradio/blob/main/gr-digital/include/gnuradio/digital/constellation.h constellation.h] | |||
; Block definition | |||
: [https://github.com/gnuradio/gnuradio/blob/main/gr-digital/grc/digital_constellation.block.yml digital_constellation.block.yml] | |||
Latest revision as of 19:48, 6 October 2023
GNU Radio supports the creation and use of Constellation objects for many of its digital communications needs. We define these constellations with a set of constellation points in complex space and the symbol mappings to those points. For a constellation that has 4 symbols, it then has log2(4) = 2 bits/symbol. We define this constellation with a list of Constellation Points and Symbol Map. For example, 16QAM would have:
Constellation Points = [(-3-3j), (-1-3j), (1-3j), (3-3j), (-3-1j), (-1-1j), (1-1j), (3-1j), (-3+1j), (-1+1j), (1+1j), (3+1j), (-3+3j), (-1+3j), (1+3j), (3+3j)] Symbol Map = [0, 4, 12, 8, 1, 5, 13, 9, 3, 7, 15, 11, 2, 6, 14, 10]
The mapping is a 1-to-1 for the items in both lists. The symbols are referred to as the 'pre_diff_code' since this is the mapping before the application of differential modulation, if used.
See [1] for more info.
Parameters
- Constellation Type
- Type of modulation scheme. Choose Variable Constellation for more control.
- Soft Decisions Precision
- Specifies how accurate the look up table (LUT) is to a given number of bits.
- Soft Decisions LUT
- Vector of floating point tuples that acts as the look up table (LUT). Can be set to 'auto' for GNU Radio to populate it.
- Symbol Map
- (Available when using Variable Constellation) Manually specify the symbol map (in pre-diff values) in list form. For manually defined symbols in QPSK, symbols start in quadrant 1 and proceeding counterclockwise (standardvalues are sometimes in different order). 8PSK symbols start at (0.92,0.38) and proceed in the nonsensical order of Pi/8 times: 1, 7, 15, 9, 3, 5, 13, 11. So symbols [0,1,2,3,4,5,6,7] become 0, 4, 5, 1, 3, 7, 6, 2, counterclockwise from (0.92,0.38).
- Constellation Points
- (Available when using Variable Constellation) Manually specify the constellation points, using a list of complex numbers.
- Rotational Symmetry
- (Available when using Variable Constellation) The number of rotations per 360 degrees that the constellation is symmetric, which is 4 for the common constellations. This doesn't affect the encoding / decoding, but allows unit tests and potentially other blocks to know if decodes will work for rotated constellations.
- Dimensionality
- (Available when using Variable Constellation) The number of dimensions, typically set to 1. Dimensionality is the number of imput samples per symbol, all of which should be close to the constellation point. I.e. if greater than 1 these should **not** be samples for a smooth transition between constellation points, but will de facto be treated as an averaged for symbol selection.
- Normalization Type
- Optionally normalize the average amplitude or power of the constellation points around 1.
Example Flowgraph
This flowgraph generates symbols using a chosen modulation scheme, runs the signal through a channel model, and then simulates a receiver by synchronizing to the signal and performing soft decoding.
Source Files
- C++ files
- see middle of this page
- Public header files
- constellation.h
- Block definition
- digital_constellation.block.yml