Schmidl & Cox OFDM synch.: Difference between revisions
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Schmidl & Cox synchronisation for OFDM. | Schmidl & Cox synchronisation for OFDM. | ||
; Input: complex samples. Output 0: Fine frequency offset, scaled by the OFDM symbol duration. This is in [1]. The normalized frequency offset is then 2.0*output0/fft_len. | ; Input: complex samples. | ||
; Output 0: Fine frequency offset, scaled by the OFDM symbol duration. This is <math>\hat{\varphi}</math> in [1]. The normalized frequency offset is then 2.0*output0/fft_len. | |||
; Output 1: Beginning of the first OFDM symbol after the first (doubled) OFDM symbol. The beginning is marked with a 1 (it's 0 everywhere else). | ; Output 1: Beginning of the first OFDM symbol after the first (doubled) OFDM symbol. The beginning is marked with a 1 (it's 0 everywhere else). | ||
The evaluation of the coarse frequency offset is | The evaluation of the coarse frequency offset is '''''not''''' done in this block. | ||
Also, the initial equalizer taps are not calculated here. | |||
Note that we use a different normalization factor in the timing metric than the authors do in their original work[1]. If the timing metric (8) is | Note that we use a different normalization factor in the timing metric than the authors do in their original work[1]. If the timing metric (8) is <math>M(d) = \frac{|P(d)|^2}{(R(d))^2}</math>, we calculate the normalization as <math>R(d) = \frac{1}{2} \sum_{k=0}^{N-1} |r_{k+d}|^2</math> (N=fft_len), | ||
meaning that we estimate the energy from '''''both''''' half-symbols. This avoids spurious detects at the end of a burst, when the energy level suddenly drops. | |||
[1] Schmidl, T.M. and Cox, D.C., "Robust frequency and timing synchronization for OFDM", Communications, IEEE Transactions on, 1997. | [1] Schmidl, T.M. and Cox, D.C., "Robust frequency and timing synchronization for OFDM", Communications, IEEE Transactions on, 1997. | ||
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== Example Flowgraph == | == Example Flowgraph == | ||
This flowgraph can be found at [https://github.com/gnuradio/gnuradio/blob/master/gr-digital/examples/ofdm/rx_ofdm.grc]. | |||
[[File:Rx_ofdm_fg.png|800px]] | |||
== Source Files == | == Source Files == | ||
Latest revision as of 17:06, 27 February 2023
Schmidl & Cox synchronisation for OFDM.
- Input
- complex samples.
- Output 0
- Fine frequency offset, scaled by the OFDM symbol duration. This is in [1]. The normalized frequency offset is then 2.0*output0/fft_len.
- Output 1
- Beginning of the first OFDM symbol after the first (doubled) OFDM symbol. The beginning is marked with a 1 (it's 0 everywhere else).
The evaluation of the coarse frequency offset is not done in this block. Also, the initial equalizer taps are not calculated here.
Note that we use a different normalization factor in the timing metric than the authors do in their original work[1]. If the timing metric (8) is , we calculate the normalization as (N=fft_len),
meaning that we estimate the energy from both half-symbols. This avoids spurious detects at the end of a burst, when the energy level suddenly drops.
[1] Schmidl, T.M. and Cox, D.C., "Robust frequency and timing synchronization for OFDM", Communications, IEEE Transactions on, 1997.
Parameters
(R): Run-time adjustable
- FFT Length
- FFT Length
- Cyclic Prefix Length
- Length of the guard interval (cyclic prefix) in samples
- Preamble Carriers
- If true, the carriers in the sync preamble are occupied such that the even carriers are used (0, 2, 4, ...). If you use all carriers, that would include the DC carrier, so be careful.
- Threshold (R)
- detection threshold. Default is 0.9.
Example Flowgraph
This flowgraph can be found at [1].
Source Files
- C++ files
- [2]
- Header files
- [3]
- Public header files
- [4]
- Block definition
- [5]