User:Duggabe

Working with ALSA and Pulse Audio

• Sound cards don't support arbitrary sampling rates. If your audio is choppy, check the rate of your audio sink or source: 44100 Hz works under all audio cards known, 48000 Hz on most, others may not.
• Don't clip: The maximum amplitude in your signal must not exceed 1.0.
• Set "OK to Block" to "No" when the flowgraph is throttled by another hardware device.

Talking to ALSA

The GNU Radio Audio Sink and Source blocks use ALSA (unless ALSA support was disabled during build time). ALSA has been the standard sound API under Linux for a decade or more, so basically all programs that produce Audio know how to deal with it. Alternately one can use a sound server like PulseAudio that takes care of dealing with all the low-level details for the application.

PulseAudio itself also provides a "fake" ALSA device, so to make ALSA applications talk to PulseAudio instead of directly with the hardware driver, allowing one central volume control etc. However, PulseAudio's device isn't always perfect. PulseAudio is internally capable of resampling, but the results aren't always predictable. For GNU Radio applications, it's often desirable to know the raw device.

You can obtain a list the playback devices using the aplay program.

• from a terminal window enter:

aplay -L

• a long list of options will be displayed, such as:

default
    Playback/recording through the PulseAudio sound server
null
    Discard all samples (playback) or generate zero samples (capture)
pulse
    PulseAudio Sound Server
hdmi:CARD=HDMI,DEV=0
    HDA ATI HDMI, HDMI 0
    HDMI Audio Output
hw:CARD=Generic,DEV=0
    HD-Audio Generic, ALC662 rev3 Analog
    Direct hardware device without any conversions
plughw:CARD=Generic,DEV=0
    HD-Audio Generic, ALC662 rev3 Analog
    Hardware device with all software conversions
...

• find the entry such as:

hw:CARD=Generic,DEV=0
    HD-Audio Generic, ALC662 rev3 Analog
    Direct hardware device without any conversions

      in the list which matches your desired device.

• use the first line of that entry (e.g. "hw:CARD=Generic,DEV=0") as the device name (without the quotes).

For audio input devices, use:

arecord -L

      to obtain a similar list.